Sang Le
Epigenetic regulation is achieved by equilibrium between DNA methylation and demethylation which regulates gene expression, genome stability, and genomic imprinting. DNA methylation marks (5-methylcytosine, 5-mC) are primarily found on the CpG sites of gene promoter regions. Cytosine is converted to 5-mC via DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), while a family of ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases (TET) catalyze local demethylation per an Fe(II)/alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent oxidation cascade on the C-5 position of 5-mC.