Feasibility of Heteroresistance Screening on Escherichia coli to Predict the Presence of Inner Colonies (IC) During Fosfomycin Disk Diffusion Testing Jenna M. Salay1, Morgan L. Bixby1, Elizabeth B. Hirsch1 1University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN Background: The presence of IC within the zone of inhibition during disk diffusion (DD) testing in E.coli have been noted, but CLSI and EUCAST interpretation criteria for IC are contradictory.
It is well known that in the cell cycle, DNA synthesis occurs in S phase and chromosome segregation occurs in M phase. However, a recently discovered phenomenon known as Mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS), provides evidence that not all DNA synthesis may occur in S phase (Minocherhomji et al., 2015). Under replication stress, MiDAS occurs at specific chromosome loci in both prophase and pro-metaphase cells, and if these late replication intermediates (LRI) are unresolved, non-disjunction of sister chromatids may occur in anaphase (Graber-Feesl, 2019).
The human heart cannot regenerate if it is diseased or damaged. The zebra-fish heart can regenerate via many mechanisms that include proliferation and migration of cardiomyocytes. The mechanism of cardiomyocyte migration in zebrafish has been shown to be driven by epicardial cells through expression of cxcl12a and cxcr4b genes encoding a chemokine and its receptor (Junji et al. 2012). Whether a similar phenomenon exists between human epicardial cells and cardiomyocytes has not been determined.
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) use randomness in the silicon manufacturing process to securely generate cryptographic keys without the need of standard costly cryptographic engine hardware. The original multiplexer-based (MUX) PUF works by applying a binary challenge vector and returning a single response bit, requiring multiple challenges to be applied in order to get enough response bits to guarantee genuineness.
Animals have to respond to their environment in order to survive. In order to do so, animals have remarkable sensory systems that are able to acquire, process, and respond to environmental stimuli. A group of animals that are exemplary models to study sensory systems are visually guided predators. Visually guided predators have advanced visual systems (eyes and corresponding neurons) that allow them to efficiently track and capture prey items. Visually guided predators commonly use eye movements to track visual stimuli, such as prey items.
Max-pressure traffic signal control has 3 key features: maximum network level throughput, stability, and decentralization. The stability property allows researchers to design traffic scenarios and find a realistic upper bound for vehicle demand, and decentralization allows for individual intersection controllers to work independently. City engineers have suggested that decentralized methods are much easier to install. A gap in the literature suggests that pedestrian waiting time at crosswalks needs to be considered in traffic control.
Iodine insufficiencies are common among many populations, particularly in pregnant women. One of the main functions of iodine is making thyroid hormone. The two main hormones which iodine influences are triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Thyroid hormone is essential for the metabolism of the majority of tissues in the body. For the average adult, the Recommended Dietary Allowance, RDA, for iodine is 150 µg. During certain stages of life, such as pregnancy and infancy, the importance of iodine is even greater as it supports brain and bone development.
Several species in the family Coccinellidae provide biological control services against aphid pests in agroecosystems. To maximize naturally occurring biological control, several aphidophagous Coccinellid species have been introduced beyond their native ranges into North America. Since the late 20th century, studies have documented an observable decline in several native Coccinellid species after the introduction of such non-native species. However, less is known about how consistent changes are to community composition, particularly across geographic areas and different habitats.
Human encroachment on wildlife and habitat can have negative effects on every level of the ecosystem, but many species can adapt to the changing environment to minimize these effects. In the Masai Mara conservancies in Kenya, humans and cattle share habitat with wildlife, including large predators like the spotted hyena. We used remote camera trap data to explore how living in close proximity to humans and cattle affects the spatial and temporal activity patterns of spotted hyenas.
In the Arctic, climate warming increases the rate of CO2 released into the atmosphere, and iron(III) or ferric iron species can accelerate the decomposition further by serving as electron acceptors in soils with low amounts of oxygen or by inhibiting microbial decomposition through binding organic molecules. In this study, soil pore water samples were taken from Imnaviat Creek at Toolik Field Station to quantify the iron(II) and iron(III) concentrations to determine if iron concentration has an effect on the surrounding vegetation.