Sleep! What’s Maladaptive Personality Got to Do with It? A Scoping Review of the Quantitative Evidence
This paper explores the relationship between sleep variables and maladaptive personality traits. A literature review was undertaken in order to conduct a systematic scoping meta-analytic review. The literature search identified relevant articles that included both sleep (subjective assessments of sleep duration, continuity, and quality) and maladaptive personality variables, including the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy). This systematic scoping meta-analytic review included 23 published studies, with a very small set that were suitable for meta-analysis. The analysis found that the traits of Negative Affect (Cynicism, Anxiety, Pessimism), Detachment (Anhedonia), Psychoticism (Paranoia), Antagonism (Aggression), Disinhibition (Impulsiveness, Risk Taking), Psychopathy, and Machiavellianism were negatively related with the measured sleep variables. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.